1. Daim ntawv thov ntawm soy protein nyob rau hauv cov khoom nqaij yog ua ntau thiab ntau, vim nws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Ntxiv cov kua protein nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov khoom lag luam tawm los, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov saj ntawm cov khoom.Soy protein muaj cov khoom zoo gel thiab tuav dej.Thaum rhuab tshaj 60 ℃, viscosity nce sai, thaum rhuab mus rau 80-90 ℃, cov qauv gel yuav du, yog li cov kua protein nkag mus rau hauv cov nqaij mos tuaj yeem txhim kho cov saj thiab zoo ntawm cov nqaij.Soybean protein muaj ob qho tib si hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic zog uas tau yooj yim ua ke nrog dej thiab saturated nrog roj, yog li nws muaj zoo emulsifying feature.Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ua cov khoom noj nqaij nrog cov ntsiab lus roj siab, uas tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub cov rog poob kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom zoo.Txawm hais tias cov kua protein ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov nqaij, txhawm rau tswj cov kua protein ntau hauv cov khoom siv nqaij hloov tag nrho cov nqaij thiab tiv thaiv kev deev luag poj luag txiv, ntau lub teb chaws tau txwv tsis pub ntxiv rau nws kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov txheej txheem nqaij.Raws li qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm soy protein nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los kawm txog txoj kev tshawb nrhiav cov kua protein hauv cov khoom noj nqaij.
2. Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov kua protein ntau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij
Nqaij tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov protein, vim nws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab saj zoo nyob rau sab hnub poob.Txhawm rau kom siv tag nrho cov peev txheej tsiaj, cov khoom lag luam nqaij tsis tsuas yog siv cov nqaij ntshiv protein ntau, tab sis feem ntau siv cov nqaij qaib uas muaj rog rog, rog thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nqis.Piv txwv li, Bologna sausages, Frankfurt sausages, salami thiab lwm yam nqaij cov khoom muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj.Piv txwv li, Frankfurt hnyuv ntxwm muaj li ntawm 30% ntawm cov hnyuv rog cov ntsiab lus thiab nqaij npuas plab hnyuv muaj roj cov ntsiab lus txog li 50%.Cov roj ntxiv ua rau cov nqaij ua haujlwm nyuaj dua.Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov emulsified sausages nrog siab roj cov ntsiab lus, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tsim cov phenomenon ntawm roj.Yuav kom tswj tau qhov tshwm sim oiling ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov emulsifiers los yog cov khoom siv nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj khaws cia.Feem ntau, cov khoom siv nqaij ua "emulsifier" yog cov nqaij protein, tab sis ib zaug cov nqaij ntshiv ntxiv yog me me, cov ntsiab lus roj yog loj, tag nrho cov emulsification system yuav poob qis, qee cov roj hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov yuav raug cais tawm.Qhov no tuaj yeem hais los ntawm kev ntxiv cov protein uas tsis yog nqaij, yog li cov kua protein yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.Hauv kev ua cov nqaij, muaj ob peb lwm yam tseem ceeb rau kev ntxiv kua protein.Cov kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv ntseeg tias cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg yog cov khoom noj qab haus huv, cov khoom noj rog rog yuav ua rau muaj ntshav siab thiab lwm yam kab mob.Cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg yuav dhau los ua qhov kev loj hlob yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij.Kev tsim cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov rog ntxiv, uas tseem yuav tsum tau xav txog kev xav ntawm cov khoom noj.Raws li cov rog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kua dej, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom siv nqaij, ib zaug txo cov roj, saj ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij yuav raug cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj nqaij, "rog hloov" yog qhov tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem txo cov roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib sab, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov saj ntawm cov khoom.Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua protein, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txo cov calories ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem khaws cov tsw thiab saj ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws.Nplej protein, qe dawb thiab soy protein yog cov rog zoo dua, thaum soy protein ntau nrov vim nws cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo.Lwm qhov laj thawj ntxiv cov kua protein yog tias nws pheej yig dua li cov nqaij protein ntau.Ntxiv cov nroj tsuag protein tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom nqaij.Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntau lawm, vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi siab ntawm nqaij protein, thiaj li yuav txhim kho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, tus nqi qis ntawm cov kua protein feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom.Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam kev lag luam rov qab, cov tsiaj protein tsawg tsawg, cov kua protein ntau thiab lwm cov nroj tsuag protein yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov protein.Soybean protein yog cov khoom siv cog qoob loo ntau tshaj plaws.Nws lub ntsiab zoo nyob rau hauv: Ua ntej, me me peculiar tsw;Qhov thib ob, tus nqi qis;Thib peb, cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov amino acids tseem ceeb, thiab nws qhov kev zom zaub mov thiab kev nqus tau siab hauv tib neeg lub cev) Plaub, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev (zoo dua hydration, gelation thiab emulsification);Thib tsib, kev siv cov khoom noj nqaij tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab palatability.Soy protein tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kua protein ntau, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj, kua protein cais thiab lwm yam raws li lawv cov khoom.Txhua cov khoom lag luam protein muaj cov khoom siv sib txawv, uas yog siv rau ntau hom khoom noj nqaij raws li cov khoom siv sib txawv.Piv txwv li, soy protein cais thiab cov protein ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ib co emulsified sausages.Piv nrog rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kua protein cais tawm yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv raffinose thiab stachyose oligosaccharides, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsam plab.Cov ntaub so ntswg feem ntau siv rau hauv cov pob txha thiab pies.Tsis tas li ntawd, soy protein cais (SPi) thiab soy protein concentrate (SPc) feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qee qhov kev txhaj tshuaj cov khoom noj nqaij los txhim kho cov tawv tawv, slicing thiab tawm los ntawm cov khoom.Vim hais tias cov hmoov nplej tag nrho muaj cov taum tsis hnov tsw thiab ntxhib saj, Ruiqianjia soy protein cais thiab protein ntau zoo dua li cov hmoov nplej tag nrho hauv kev ua zaub mov.
3. Cov kev xav tau thiab cov teeb meem ntawm soy protein siv hauv cov khoom noj nqaij
Ntau dhau ntawm cov kua protein ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj rau qee pawg neeg, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kua protein siv los ua cov nqaij ntshiab tag nrho hauv cov txheej txheem nqaij, los tiv thaiv kev deev luag poj luag txiv thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nqaij kev lag luam, ntau lub teb chaws tau txwv nruj heev. Ntxiv cov kua protein ntau.Qee lub tebchaws tau txwv nruj me ntsis rau cov kua protein ntxiv rau cov khoom noj nqaij.Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm soy hmoov thiab soy concentrate protein nyob rau hauv sausages yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 3. 5%, qhov ntxiv ntawm soy protein cais yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2%;Soy hmoov, soy protein concentrate thiab soy protein cais nyob rau hauv nqaij nyug patties thiab meatballs yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 12%.Nyob rau hauv salami, ntau lub teb chaws muaj kev txwv nruj rau tus nqi ntawm cov kua protein ntxiv, Spain xav tau tsawg dua 1%;Fabkis txoj cai noj zaub mov xav tau tsawg dua 2 feem pua.
Lub US daim ntawv lo yuav tsum tau rau cov kua protein nyob rau hauv cov nqaij cov khoom yog raws li nram no:
Thaum cov kua protein ntxiv tsawg dua 1/13, nws yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov khoom xyaw;Thaum qhov sib ntxiv yog ze li ntawm 10%, nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov npe khoom xyaw, tab sis kuj tau hais tawm ntawm lub npe khoom;Thaum nws cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 10%, cov kua protein tsis yog tsuas yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom attribute lub npe.
Ntau lub teb chaws muaj cov kev cai nruj rau kev ntxiv cov kua protein thiab cov cim ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij.Tab sis tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo los txheeb xyuas cov kua protein.Vim hais tias tam sim no kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov proteins yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus nitrogen, cov nroj tsuag cov proteins thiab cov nqaij proteins yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv.Txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj kev siv cov kua protein ntau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij, yuav tsum muaj ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag protein.Nyob rau xyoo 1880, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb txog zaub mov tau tshawb pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm soy protein hauv cov khoom noj nqaij.Txoj kev enzyme-txuas immunoassay tau lees paub tias yog qhov kev sim ntau dua, tab sis tus qauv ntawm cov kua protein ntxiv yog yuav tsum tau siv txoj kev no.Raws li qhov no, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo los ua qhov kev sim yooj yim thiab nrawm ntawm cov kua protein hauv cov khoom noj nqaij.Txhawm rau tswj kev siv cov kua protein ntau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj kev sim zoo.
4. Cov ntsiab lus
Soy protein raws li cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo piv rau cov tsiaj protein, muaj tib neeg lub cev 8 qhov tseem ceeb amino acids, nrog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, lub sijhawm soy protein muaj cov dej zoo heev & roj sib txuas thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo heev, nrog rau cov nqi pheej yig thiab lwm yam zoo. ua kom nws siv dav hauv kev ua cov nqaij.Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub tuam txhab siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ua kom cov dej khaws cia thiab yog li npog kev deev luag poj luag txiv, txhawm rau kom them nqi, kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom txoj cai thiab kev txaus siab, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj thiab tswj xyuas.Tam sim no, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tau zoo rau cov kua protein nyob hauv cov khoom noj nqaij, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim ib txoj kev sim tshiab rau kev ceev, yooj yim thiab raug kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov nqaij dev.
Xinrui pab pawg - Shandong Kawah Oils Co., Ltd.
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Post lub sij hawm: Jan-18-2020